Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] (2020) Report on Government Services 2020 – Corrective Services. Retrieved from: https://www.pc.gov.au/research/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2020/justice/corrective-services

Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] (2018a) Media Release: Prisoner Numbers up 4 percent from 2017.

Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] (2018b) Prisoners in Australia.

Albright, Shelley and Furjen Denq (1996) “Employer Attitudes toward Hiring Ex-offenders”, The Prison Journal, 76(2): 118-137.

Austin, James and Patricia Hardyman (2004) “The Risks and Needs of the Returning Prisoner Population”, Review of Policy Research, 21(1): 13-29.

Bar-Gill, Oren and Elizabeth Warren (2008) “Making Credit Safer”, U. Pa. L. Rev., 157: 1.

Bartels, Lorana and Marietta Martinovic (2017) “Electronic Monitoring: The Experience in Australia”, European Journal of Probation, 9(1): 80-102.

Berger, Todd, Joseph DaGrossa, Adam Matz, Bitna Kim, Anna Macklin, Lily Gleicher, Sarah Manchak, Francis Cullen, Spurgeon Kennedy and Laura House (2013) “This Issue In Brief”, Federal Probation, 77(1): 1.

Binswanger, Ingrid, Patrick Krueger and James Steiner (2009) “Prevalence of Chronic Medical Conditions Among Jail and Prison Inmates in the USA Compared with the General Population”, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63(11): 912-919.

Blumstein, Alfred and Kiminori Nakamura (2009) “Redemption in the Presence of Widespread Criminal Background Checks”, Criminology, 47(2): 327-359.

Bobo, Lawrence and Victor Thompson (2010) “Racialized Mass Incarceration: Poverty, Prejudice, and Punishment”, Doing Race, 21: 322-355.

Brown, Christian (2015) “Returns to Postincarceration Education for Former Prisoners”, Social Science Quarterly, 96(1): 161-175.

Bruns, Angela (2020) “Partner Incarceration and Financial Support from Kin”, Journal of Family Issues, 41(11): 2112-2135.

Bushway, Shawn, Michael Stoll and David Weiman (2007) Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-industrial America, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Byrne, James, Arthur Lurigio and Joan Petersilia (1992) Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions, Newbury Park (CA): Sage.

Byron, William (1970) “Needed: A Special Employment Clearinghouse for Ex-offenders”, Federal Probation, 34: 53.

Causey, Alexis (2013) “Reviving the Carefully Limited Exception: From Jail to GPS Bail”, Faulkner L. Rev., 5: 59.

Cherney, Adrian and Robin Fitzgerald (2016) “Finding and Keeping a Job: The Value and Meaning of Employment for Parolees”, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(1): 21-37.

Christians, Clifford, Shakuntala Rao, Stephen Ward and Herman Wasserman (2008) “Toward a Global Media Ethics: Theoretical Perspectives”, Ecquid Novi, 29(2): 135-172.

Cohn, Amanda, Rosslyn O’Connor, Kari Lancaster, Patrick Rawstorn and Sally Nathan (2020) “Media and Political Framing of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in Australia”, Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 27(4): 261-270.

Conroy, Niall, Victoria Rubin and Yimin Chen (2015) “Automatic Deception Detection: Methods for Finding Fake News”, Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 52(1): 1-4.

Cook, Bree, Fiona David and Anna Grant (1999) Victims’ Needs, Victims’ Rights: Policies and Programs for Victims of Crime in Australia, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.

Coupland, Richard and Mark Olver (2020) “Assessing Protective Factors in Treated Violent Offenders: Associations with Recidivism Reduction and Positive Community Outcomes”, Psychological Assessment, 32(5): 493-508.

Craigie, Terry-Ann (2020) “Ban the Box, Convictions, and Public Employment”, Economic Inquiry, 58(1): 425-445.

Daly, Mariah (2020) “Boxed Into a Corner: The Fight to Ban Employers from Boxing out Deserving Job Applicants on the Basis of Criminal Record”, Drug Enforcement and Policy Center, 20.

Daubal, Mohammed, Olajumoke Fajinmi, Lars Jangaard, Niko Simonson, Brett Yasutake, Joe Newell and Mohamed Ali (2013) “Safe Step: A Real-time GPS Tracking and Analysis System for Criminal Activities Using Ankle Bracelets”, presentation at the 21^st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems.

Deuze, Mark (2017) “Understanding Journalism as Newswork: How it Changes, and How it Remains the Same”, Westminster Papers in Communication & Culture, 5(2): 4-24.

Doleac, Jennifer (2019) Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Ban the Box Policies: The State of the Literature in 2019, testimony prepared for the US House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

Doleac, Jennifer and Benjamin Hansen (2020) “The Unintended Consequences of “Ban the Box”: Statistical Discrimination and Employment Outcomes When Criminal Histories are Hidden”, Journal of Labor Economics, 38(2): 321-374.

Dore, Kerry, Malene Hansen, Amy Klegarth, Claudia Fichtel, Flavia Koch, Andrea Springer, Peter Kappeler, Joyce Parga, Tatyana Humle and Christelle Colin (2020) “Review of GPS Collar Deployments and Performance on Nonhuman Primates”, Primates, 61(3): 373-387.

Ervin, Laurie and Anne Schneider (1990) “Explaining the Effects of Restitution on Offenders: Results from a National Experiment in Juvenile Courts”, in Burt Galaway and Joe Hudson (eds.), Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation, Willow Tree Press, pp. 183-206.

Evans, Douglas, Kwan-Lamar Blount-Hill and Michelle Cubellis (2019) “Examining Housing Discrimination Across Race, Gender and Felony History”, Housing Studies, 34(5): 761-778.

Fahey, Jennifer, Cheryl Roberts and Len Engel (2006) Employment of Ex-offenders: Employer Perspectives, Boston: Crime and Justice Institute.

Flake, Dallan (2015) “When Any Sentence is a Life Sentence: Employment Discrimination Against Ex-offenders”, Wash. UL Rev., 93(1): 45.

Fletcher, Del (2001) “Ex‐Offenders, the Labour Market and the New Public Administration”, Public administration, 79(4): 871-891.

Freeman, Richard (2003) Can We Close the Revolving Door? Recidivism vs. Employment of Ex-offenders in the US, Washington (DC): Urban Institute.

Galeshi, Roofia and Riane Bolin (2019) “The Influence of Correctional Education, Skill Proficiency, and Lifelong Learning on Social Outcomes of Incarcerated Undividuals: Results from PIAAC”, The Social Science Journal, DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2019.09.007

Glaze, Lauren and Thomas Bonczar (2011) Probation and Parole in the United States, 2010, Washington (DC): US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Gordon, Aaron, John Kittross, Michael Dorsher, John Merrill and William Babcock (2011) Controversies in Media Ethics, London: Routledge.

Goulding, Dot and David Brown (2007) Recapturing Freedom: Issues Relating to the Release of Long-term Prisoners into the Community, Toronto: Hawkins Press.

Grier, Annie and Vanessa Bright (2019) “Beyond Jobs: Building Financial Capability for Adults Returning to the Community After Prison”, in Christine Callahan, Jodi Jacobson Frey and Rachel Imboden (eds.), Handbook on Financial Social Work: Direct Practice with Vulnerable Populations, London: Routledge.

Griffith, Daiana (2019) Punishment Beyond Prison: Denying Housing to Formerly Incarcerated People in Greater Boston, South Hadley (MA): Mount Holyoke College.

Grgić-Hlača, Nina, Elissa Redmiles, Krishna Gummadi and Adrian Weller (2018) “Human Perceptions of Fairness in Algorithmic Decision Making: A Case Study of Criminal Risk Prediction”, proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference.

Grubb, Jonathan (2020) “Who Goes to Prison and Why?”, in Laurie A. Gould and John J. Brent (eds.), Handbook on American Prisons, New York: Routledge.

Halushka, John (2020) “The Runaround: Punishment, Welfare, and Poverty Survival after Prison”, Social Problems, 67(2): 233-250.

Hamilton, Leah and Steven Belenko (2019) “Substance Use Disorder Treatment in the Reentry Environment: Service Receipt and Prisoner Community Reintegration”, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(9): 1295-1318.

Harding, David, Jessica Wyse, Cheyney Dobson and Jeffrey Morenoff (2014) “Making Ends Meet After Prison”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(2): 440-470.

Harding, David (2003) “Jean Valjean’s Dilemma: The Management of Ex-convict Identity in the Search for Employment”, Deviant Behavior, 24(6): 571-595.

Harris, Alexes (2016) A Pound of Flesh: Monetary Sanctions as Punishment for the Poor, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Harris, Alexes, Heather Evans and Katherine Beckett (2011) “Courtesy Stigma and Monetary Sanctions: Toward a Socio-cultural Theory of Punishment”, American Sociological Review, 76(2): 234-264.

Hatami, Parastou (2019) “Housing is a Human Right: Exiting Prison into Homelessness”, Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, 252: 40-46.

Hester, Rhys (2019) “Prior Record and Recidivism Risk”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(3): 353-375.

Hinds, Lyn (2005) “Three Strikes and You’re Out in the West: A Study of Newspaper Coverage of Crime Control in Western Australia”, Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 17(2): 239-253.

Jacobs, Leah and Aaron Gottlieb (2020) “The Effect of Housing Circumstances on Recidivism: Evidence from a Sample of People on Probation in San Francisco”, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(9): 1097-1115.

Jensen, Walter, Jr. and William Giegold (1976) “Finding Jobs for Ex-offenders: A Study of Employers’ Attitudes”, Am. Bus. LJ, 14: 195-222.

Johnson, Wayne (1989) “If Only: The Experience of Elderly Ex-convicts”, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 14(1-2): 191-208.

Jones, Richard (2003) “Ex-con: Managing a Spoiled Identity”, in Stephen C. Richards and Jeffrey I. Ross (eds.), Convict Criminology, Belmont (CA): Wadsworth, pp. 191-208.

Kang-Brown, Jacob, Eital Schattner-Elmaleh and Oliver Hinds (2020) “People in Prison in 2018”, Montana, 3(3,761): 1-3.

Kashyap, Anil, Jeremy Stein and David Wilcox (1992) “Monetary Policy and Credit Conditions: Evidence from the Composition of External Finance”, American Economic Review, 83(1): 78-98.

Keene, Danya, Alana Rosenberg, Penelope Schlesinger, Monica Guo and Kim Blankenship (2018) “Navigating Limited and Uncertain Access to Subsidized Housing After Prison”, Housing Policy Debate, 28(2): 199-214.

Latessa, Edward, Shelley Johnson and Deborah Koetzle (2020) What Works (and Doesn’t) in Reducing Recidivism, London: Routledge.

Leasure, Peter (2019) “Securing Private Housing with a Criminal Record”, Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(1): 30-49.

Levesque, Shane (2020) “Closing the Revolving Door: Mental Illness Within the Criminal Justice System”, Nova Law Review, 34(3): 711-738.

Link, Nathan, Jeffrey Ward and Richard Stansfield (2019) “Consequences of Mental and Physical Health for Reentry and Recidivism: Toward a Health‐based Model of Desistance”, Criminology, 57(3): 544-573.

Logan, Charles and Gerald Gaes (1993) “Meta-analysis and the Rehabilitation of Punishment”, Justice Quarterly, 10(2): 245-263.

Madoc-Jones, Iolo, Caroline Hughes, Caro Gorden, Sarah Dubberley, Karen Washington-Dyer, Anya Ahmed, Kelly Lockwood and Mark Wilding (2018) “Rethinking Preventing Homelessness Amongst Prison Leavers”, European Journal of Probation, 10(3): 215-231.

Malin, Sally (2007) “Housing and Support After Prison”, in Rosemary Sheehan, Gill McIvor and Chris Trotter (eds.), What Works with Women Offenders, London: Routledge, pp. 279-299.

Mielitz, Katherine and Catherine Marcum (2020) “A Consideration for Increasing Post-Release Financial Success”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(5): 955-969.

Milivojevic, Sanja and Alyce McGovern (2014) “The Death of Jill Meagher: Crime and Punishment on Social Media”, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 3(3): 22-39.

Mowen, Thomas, John Boman and Kyle Bares (2019) “Is Substance Abuse Treatment Actually ‘Treating’? The Effectiveness of Pre- and Post-release Substance Abuse Programming within the Reentry Process”, Criminal Justice Studies, 32(4): 371-385.

Nardini, William (1966) “The Impact of Institutionalisation on Youth Correction Offenders”, British Journal of Criminology, 6(2): 193-202.

Naylor, Bronwyn (2011) “Criminal Records and Rehabilitation in Australia”, European Journal of Probation, 3(1): 79-96.

Pager, Devah (2003) “The Mark of a Criminal Record”, American Journal of Sociology, 108(5): 937-975.

Paterson, Moira and Bronwyn Naylor (2011) “Australian Spent Convictions Reform: A Contextual Analysis”, UNSWLJ, 34(3): 938-963.

Pogrebin, Mark, Mary West-Smith, Alexandra Walker and Prabha Unnithan (2014) “Employment Isn’t Enough: Financial Obstacles Experienced by Ex-prisoners During the Reentry Process”, Criminal Justice Review, 39(4): 394-410.

Rao, Shakuntala and Herman Wasserman (2007) “Global Media Ethics Revisited: A Postcolonial Critique”, Global Media and Communication, 3(1): 29-50.

Reid, Katie, Paul Flowers and Michael Larkin (2005) “Exploring Lived Experience”, Psychologist, 18(1): 20-23.

Renton, Marc (2013) “Getting Out and Falling Back: A Qualitative Analysis of Contemporary Australian Prison Exit Issues”, in Michael H. Pearson (ed.), Crime: International Perspectives, Socioeconomic Factors and Psychological Implications, Hauppauge (NY): Nova Science Publishers, pp. 6-23.

Ross, Jeffrey Ian, Stephen C. Richards, Greg Newbold, Richard Jones, Michael Lenza, Daniel Murphy, Richard Hogan and David G. Curry (2011) “Knocking on the Ivory Tower’s Door: The Experience of Ex-convicts Applying for Tenure-track University Positions”, Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 22(2): 267-285.

Ruback, Barry (2011) “The Abolition of Fines and Fees: Not Proven and Not Compelling”, Criminology & Public Policy, 10(3): 569-581.

Ryan, Nicole, Jeff Ackerman, Justin Ready and Stuart Kinner (2020) “Indigeneity, Prisoner Visitation and Reincarceration in Australia: The Association between Visits in Prison and Reincarceration for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous People”, British Journal of Criminology, 60(4): 1056-1079.

Sampson, Robert and Charles Loeffler (2010) “Punishment’s Place: The Local Concentration of Mass Incarceration”, Daedalus, 139(3): 20-31.

Scheid, Teresa and Eric Wright (2017) A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Schneider, Anne and Laurie Ervin (1990) “Specific Deterrence, Rational Choice, and Decision Heuristics: Applications in Juvenile Justice”, Social Science Quarterly, 71(3): 585-601.

Scott, Kerry (2016) “Corrections and Education: The Relationship between Education and Recidivism”, Journal of Intercultural Disciplines, 15: 147-169.

Sharac, Jessica, Paul Mccrone, Sarah Clement and Graham Thornicroft (2010) “The Economic Impact of Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination: A Systematic Review”, Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc, 19(3): 223-232.

Sherrard, Ryan (2020) “Ban the Box” Policies and Criminal Recidivism. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3515048

Simes, Jessica (2019) “Place After Prison: Neighborhood Attainment and Attachment During Reentry”, Journal of Urban Affairs, 41(4): 443-463.

Sirois, Catherine (2019) “Household Support and Social Integration in the Year After Prison”, Sociological Forum, 34(4): 838-860.

Spier, Philip (2002) Reconviction and Reimprisonment Rates for Released Prisoners, Ministry of Justice.

Steurer, Stephen and Linda Smith (2003) Education Reduces Crime: Three-State Recidivism Study, Lanham (MD): Correctional Education Association.

Sumner, Charles and Antony Sutton (1992) “Victims of Crime and the Mass Media”, Criminology Australia, 3(3): 2-4.

Sutton, Robert (2010) Good Boss, Bad Boss: How To Be the Best... and Learn from the Worst, Business Plus.

Tiffen, Rodney (2010) “Changes in Australian Newspapers 1956–2006”, Journalism Practice, 4(3): 345-359.

Tostlebe, Jennifer (2017) The Debt Prison: The Effect of Court-ordered Monetary Sanctions on Recidivism, MA Thesis, Sociology, Iowa State University.

Uggen, Christopher (2000) “Work as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Criminals: A Duration Model of Age, Employment, and Recidivism”, American Sociological Review, 65(4): 529-546.

Van Manen, Max (1990) Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy, Albany: SUNY Press.

Wacquant, Loïc (2009a) Prisons of Poverty, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Wacquant, Loïc (2009b) Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity, Chapel Hill: Duke University Press.

Wacquant, Loïc (2002a) “The Curious Eclipse of Prison Ethnography in the Age of Mass Incarceration”, Ethnography, 3(4): 371-397.

Wacquant, Loïc (2002b) “Slavery to Mass Incarceration”, New Left Review, 13. Retrieved from: https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii13/articles/loic-wacquant-fromslavery-to-mass-incarceration

Wang, William (2017) “‘Liar, liar pants on fire’: A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detection”, Computation and Language, arXiv:1705.00648.

Western, Bruce, Jeffrey Kling and David Weiman (2001) “The Labor Market Consequences of Incarceration”, Crime & Delinquency, 47(3): 410-427.

Williams, Betsy, Catherine Brooks and Yotam Shmargad (2018) “How Algorithms Discriminate Based on Data They Lack: Challenges, Solutions, and Policy Implications”, Journal of Information Policy, 8: 78-115.

Wilson, David and Anne Reuss (2000) Prison(er) Education: Stories of Change and Transformation, Sheffield Gables (UK): Waterside Press.

Wilson, Sean (2019) “Failures of Reintegration and the Return to Prison”, in Jason M. Williams and Steven Kniffley (eds.), Black Males and the Criminal Justice System, New York: Routledge, pp. 85-94.

Wright, Scott and Kim Doyle (2019) “The Evolution of Data Journalism: A Case Study of Australia”, Journalism Studies, 20(13): 1811-1827.

Wolfe, Patrick (1999) Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology: The Politics and Poetics of an Ethnographic Event, New York: Cassell.